What is the association between COVID-19, cardiovascular disease, and mortality?

3 days ago News Medical

In a recent study published in Cardiovascular Research, researchers evaluated the association between COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) and CVD (cardiovascular disease) and/or death. Cox proportional hazard regression modeling was performed to assess the association between the development of cardiovascular disease and deaths within 3.0 weeks of diagnosis (during the acute period) and the period following that of acute COVID-19, and hazard ratios (HR) were calculated. Subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate cardiovascular and mortality risks based on COVID-19 severity and the sex of individuals. In the subgroup analyses, severe COVID-19 patients showed a greater likelihood of developing major cardiovascular diseases and of any-cause death in comparison to non-severe COVID-19 cases, and the male sex was related to a greater risk of cardiovascular disease development in the acute COVID-19 period; however, during the post-acute period, the cardiovascular risks were largely comparable among males and females. Overall, the study findings showed that SARS-CoV-2 infections and long COVID increase the risks of cardiovascular disease development and death in the short- and long-term.
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Examining how pain could play a direct protective role in the gut

However, whether pain, except for serving as an alert of danger, is involved in regulating gut barrier protection remains unknown. Nociceptor neurons express many receptors that allow them to quickly recognize and respond to those potentially damaging stimuli. Your latest research suggests that on top of being an alert system, pain also plays a direct protective role in the gut, shielding it from damage. To investigate the role of nociceptor neurons in the gut and host protection, we generated mice that lacked these pain-mediating neurons. We did go into the study hypothesizing that pain and the neurons involved must play a more active role in regulating our gut barrier system.

3 months ago News Medical

People with COVID-19 infection are at increased risk of cardiovascular problems and mortality

COVID-19 infection is linked to a subsequent heightened risk of poor cardiovascular health and death, particularly among those whose infection is severe requiring hospital admission, finds a large UK Biobank study, published online in the journal Heart. Emerging evidence suggests that people who have had COVID-19 infection are at heightened risk of subsequent cardiovascular problems. To explore these issues further, the researchers drew on 53,613 UK Biobank participants 17,871 of whom were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection between March 2020 and March 2021, and 35,742 of whom weren't. And the risk of newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation was nearly 15 times higher, that of pericarditis nearly 14 times higher, and that of a heart attack nearly 10 times as high. Our findings highlight the increased cardiovascular risk of individuals with past infection, which are likely to be greater in countries with limited access to vaccination and thus greater population exposure to COVID-19."

3 months ago News Medical

Geographical location of an individual may determine the likelihood of receiving autism diagnosis

New autism diagnoses tend to be clustered within specific NHS service regions, suggesting that where an individual lives may influence whether they receive an autism diagnosis and access to special education needs support. After analyzing all new autism cases across England using NHS health service boundaries for possible hotspots, some areas stand out. Of the 32 million pupils studied, more than 102,000 new autism diagnoses were identified between 2014 and 2017. After adjusting for age and sex, the researchers found that one in 234 children were given a new autism diagnosis during that four-year period. As a result, individuals from a minority ethnic background experiencing economic hardship may be significantly more likely to receive an autism diagnosis that their peers."

3 months ago News Medical

Updapted BA.4/5 COVID vaccines boost protection but might not surpass original formula

However, the immunogenicity of bivalent mRNA boosters incorporating BA.5 is still unknown. Following Pfizer or Moderna bivalent mRNA boosting, individuals' neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers were measured using luciferase-based pseudovirus neutralization tests. The monovalent and bivalent mRNA boosters elicited the preferential increase of WA1/2020 NAb titers while decreasing the BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5 NAb titers. After monovalent mRNA boosting, median BA.5 NAb titers grew from 184 to 2829, while the titers after bivalent mRNA boosting increased from 211 to 3693. ConclusionThe study findings showed that monovalent and bivalent mRNA boosters significantly elevated antibody responses but not T-cell responses.

3 months ago News Medical

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy still remains even though acceptance rates have increased in 2022

Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines increased overall by 5.2% in 2022 compared to 2021, according to a survey of 160,000 individuals in 23 countries, published in the journal Nature Medicine. However, levels of acceptance varied greatly amongst countries, with eight reporting increases in hesitancy ranging from 1% in the UK to 21.1% in South Africa. Although vaccine acceptance increased in most countries, vaccine hesitancy was on the rise in eight countries, ranging from 1% in the UK to 21.1% in South Africa. Similarly to general vaccine hesitancy, demographic factors played a role in country-specific variance in opinions of booster vaccines. However, in eight countries, hesitancy increased (ranging from an increase of 2.4% in Poland to 56.3% in Brazil) with a parent's own hesitancy to be vaccinated themselves being the biggest influencer of this trend.

13 days ago News Medical

Brief exposure to diesel exhaust can affect human brain function

"This study, which is the first of its kind in the world, provides fresh evidence supporting a connection between air pollution and cognition." The fMRI revealed that participants had decreased functional connectivity in widespread regions of the DMN after exposure to diesel exhaust, compared to filtered air. Dr. Carlsten speculated that the effects could be long lasting where exposure is continuous. "People may want to think twice the next time they're stuck in traffic with the windows rolled down," said Dr. Carlsten. "I expect we would see similar impacts on the brain from exposure to other air pollutants, like forest fire smoke.

2 days ago News Medical

An analysis of excess mortality rates during COVID-19 pandemic in countries with aging populations

Study: Association Between Life Expectancy at Age 60 Years Before the COVID-19 Pandemic and Excess Mortality During the Pandemic in Aging Countries. Study findingsForty aging countries out of the 158 included in the analysis indicated correlations between three factors and excess mortality. Excess mortality had weak associations with mortality rates in individuals aged five to 14 years and 15 to 60. ConclusionsThe present study investigated the association between excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic and healthcare, population, well-being, and economic factors in aging countries. Excess mortality was not associated with mortality rates among children younger than five years and was weakly associated with mortality rates among 15- to 60-year-olds.

3 months ago News Medical

Association of COVID-19 severity with nasopharyngeal fungal colonization and interleukin-17 induction

BackgroundStudies have reported fungal infections as severe COVID-19 infection complications; however, the fungal colonization frequency and their association with immunological responses among SARS-CoV-2-positive patients have not been well-characterized and warrant further investigation. In addition to the previous study data, data of matched ETA (endotracheal aspirates obtained from four severe COVID-19 patients were analyzed. Download a copy todaySevere COVID-19 patients consistently expressed greater IL-17A-induced gene expression and serological 1,3-β-D-glucan levels (prompting micafungin antifungal treatment) compared to mild or moderate COVID-19 patients and healthy individuals. reads were only detected among severe COVID-19 patients with mechanical ventilation and intubation requirements. Almost all Candida-positive COVID-19 patients had a T2DM (type II diabetes mellitus) history, and eight patients were hypertensive.

3 months ago News Medical

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